Apparatus for performing an electrosurgical procedure

ABSTRACT

An endoscopic forceps is provided and includes a housing having a shaft that extends therefrom. An end effector assembly is operatively connected to a distal end of the shaft and includes a pair of pivotably coupled first and second jaw members. The jaw members are movable relative to one another. A drive mechanism includes a driving structure that is operably associated with the shaft and is operably disposed adjacent the end effector assembly. One of a driving structure guide and movable cam operably couples to the driving structure and is configured to facilitate movement of the jaw members.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for performing an electrosurgical procedure. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an electrosurgical apparatus including an end effector assembly having a pair of jaw members that provide a mechanical advantage at the end effector.

2. Description of Related Art

Electrosurgical instruments, e.g., electrosurgical forceps (open or closed type), are well known in the medical arts and typically include a housing, a handle assembly, a shaft and an end effector assembly attached to a distal end of the shaft. The end effector includes jaw members configured to manipulate tissue (e.g., grasp and seal tissue). Typically, the electrosurgical forceps utilizes both mechanical clamping action and electrical energy to effect hemostasis by heating the tissue and blood vessels to coagulate, cauterize, seal, cut, desiccate, and/or fulgurate tissue. Typically, one or more driving mechanisms, e.g., a drive assembly including a drive element, is utilized to cooperate with one or more components operatively associated with the end effector to impart movement to one or both of the jaw members.

To facilitate moving the jaw members from an open position for grasping tissue to a closed position for clamping tissue (or vice versa) such that a consistent, uniform tissue effect (e.g., tissue seal) is achieved, one or more types of suitable devices may be operably associated with the electrosurgical forceps. For example, in some instances, one or more cam members, e.g., a cam pin, may operably couple to the drive element, e.g., a drive rod, wire, cable, etc., and operably couple to a cam slot that is operably associated with one or both of the jaw members.

Typically, the cam slots are operably disposed on proximal end of the jaw members. In certain instances, to facilitate movement of the jaw members, the proximal ends of the jaw members are configured to extend outside of the shaft profile. In this extended position, the proximal ends of the jaw members are commonly referred to as “flags.”

In certain instances, the shaft may bend or deform during the course of an electrosurgical procedure. For example, under certain circumstances, a clinician may intentionally bend or articulate the shaft to gain a desired mechanical advantage at the surgical site. Or, under certain circumstances, the surgical environment may cause unintentional or unwanted bending or flexing of the shaft, such as, for example, in the instance where the shaft is a component of a catheter-based electrosurgical forceps. More particularly, shafts associated with catheter-based electrosurgical forceps are typically designed to function with relatively small jaw members, e.g., jaw members that are configured to pass through openings that are 3 mm or less in diameter. Accordingly, the shaft and operative components associated therewith, e.g., a drive rod, are proportioned appropriately. That is, the shaft and drive rod are relatively small.

As can be appreciated, when the shaft is bent or deformed (either intentionally or unintentionally) the frictional losses associated with “flags” extending through the shaft profile may be transferred to one of the drive rod, drive element, and/or a spring operably associated with the drive assembly, which, in turn, may diminish, impede and/or prevent effective transfer of the desired closure force that is needed at the jaw members. Moreover, the frictional losses may also lessen the operative life of the spring, which, in turn, ultimately lessens the operative life of the electrosurgical instrument.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides an endoscopic forceps. The endoscopic forceps includes a housing having a shaft that extends therefrom and defines a longitudinal axis therethrough. An end effector assembly is operatively connected to a distal end of the shaft and includes a pair of first and second jaw members. The first and second jaw members are pivotably coupled to one another. The first and second jaw members are movable relative to one another from an open position, wherein the first and second jaw members are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another, to a clamping position, wherein the first and second jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween. A drive mechanism includes a driving structure with a bifurcated distal end having two substantially resilient legs. A driving structure guide is operably associated with the shaft and is operably disposed adjacent the end effector assembly. The driving structure guide includes at least two grooves each configured to receive respective ones of the two legs of the bifurcated distal end.

The present disclosure provides endoscopic forceps. The endoscopic forceps includes a housing having a shaft that extends therefrom and defines a longitudinal axis therethrough. An end effector assembly is operatively connected to a distal end of the shaft and includes a pair of first and second jaw members. The first and second jaw members are pivotably coupled to one another via a central pivot pin. The first and second jaw members are movable relative to one another from an open position, wherein the first and second jaw members are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another, to a clamping position, wherein the first and second jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween. A drive mechanism is operably associated with the housing and includes a driving structure. A movable cam operably disposed adjacent the end effector includes two or more cam slots thereon. The two or more cam slots are in operative communication with respective cam followers that are operably coupled to respective ones of the first and second jaw members. The respective cam followers angled offset from the pivot pin such that a closure force in the range from about 3 kg/cm² to about 16 kg/cm² is present at the first and second jaw members when the first and second jaw members are in the clamping position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described hereinbelow with references to the drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side, perspective view of an endoscopic bipolar forceps showing an end effector assembly including jaw members according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a side, perspective view of the endoscopic bipolar forceps depicted in FIG. 1 illustrating internal components associated with a handle assembly associated with the endoscopic bipolar forceps;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the jaw members depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrating a distal end of a driving structure operably coupled to the jaw members; and

FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a distal end of a driving structure operably coupled to the jaw members of the end effector depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Detailed embodiments of the present disclosure are disclosed herein; however, the disclosed embodiments are merely examples of the disclosure, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present disclosure in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.

In the drawings and in the descriptions that follow, the term “proximal,” as is traditional, will refer to an end that is closer to the user, while the term “distal” will refer to an end that is farther from the user.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, an illustrative embodiment of an electrosurgical apparatus, e.g., a bipolar forceps 10 (forceps 10) is shown. Forceps 10 is operatively and selectively coupled to an electrosurgical generator (not shown) for performing an electrosurgical procedure. As noted above, an electrosurgical procedure may include sealing, cutting, cauterizing, coagulating, desiccating, and fulgurating tissue all of which may employ RF energy. The electrosurgical generator may be configured for monopolar and/or bipolar modes of operation and may include or be in operative communication with a system that may include one or more processors in operative communication with one or more control modules (not shown) that are executable on the processor. The control module may be configured to instruct one or more modules to transmit electrosurgical energy, which may be in the form of a wave or signal/pulse, via one or more cables (e.g., an electrosurgical cable 310) to the forceps 10. However, in certain embodiments, the forceps 10 may be battery powered. In this instance, the forceps 10 is not configured to communicate with either an electrosurgical generator and/or a system.

Forceps 10 is shown configured for use with various electrosurgical procedures and generally includes a housing 20, electrosurgical cable 310 that connects the forceps 10 to the electrosurgical generator, a rotating assembly 80 and a trigger assembly 70. For a more detailed description of the rotating assembly 80, trigger assembly 70, and electrosurgical cable 310 (including line-feed configurations and/or connections), reference is made to commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/595,194 filed on Nov. 9, 2006, now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0173814.

With continued reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, forceps 10 includes a shaft 12 that has a distal end 14 that is configured to mechanically engage an end effector assembly 100 operably associated with the forceps 10 and a proximal end 16 that mechanically engages the housing 20.

One or more driving structures or guides are operably associated with the shaft 12. More particularly, as best seen in FIG. 3, a drive wire guide 13 (guide 13) of suitable proportion is operably disposed adjacent the distal end 14 of the shaft 12, as best seen in FIG. 3. Guide 13 may be made from any suitable material including, but not limited to, plastic, metal, metal alloy, etc. Guide 13 is operably coupled to an internal frame of the shaft 12 by one or more suitable coupling methods. In the illustrated embodiment, guide 13 is monolithically formed, e.g., molding, stamping, machining, etc., with the shaft 12.

Guide 13 is in operative communication with a drive mechanism 130 (FIG. 2). Specifically, guide 13 includes a multi-grooved (or multi-slotted) configuration that is configured to receive a driving structure 133 (or operative component associated therewith) that is operably associated with the drive mechanism 130 (FIGS. 1 and 2). More specifically, guide 13 includes a first groove 13 a that is configured to receive a leg or branch 135 a of a bifurcated distal end 135 that is operably coupled driving structure 133. Likewise, a second groove 13 b is configured to receive a leg or branch 135 b of the bifurcated distal end 135.

Each of the first and second grooves 13 a and 13 b includes a generally arcuate configuration that extends along a respective length thereof. The arcuate configuration of the grooves 13 a and 13 b facilitates movement of the respective legs 135 a and 135 b therein. Moreover, the arcuate configuration of the grooves 13 a and 13 b allows a greater length of the legs 135 a and 135 b to be positioned within the grooves 13 a and 13 b for a given area within the shaft 12.

With reference again to FIGS. 1 and 2, handle assembly 30 includes a fixed handle 50 and movable handle 40. In one particular embodiment, fixed handle 50 is integrally associated with housing 20. Movable handle 40 is movable relative to fixed handle 50 for effecting movement of one or more components, e.g., driving structure 133, operably associated with drive mechanism 130 (FIG. 2). Handle assembly 30 including movable handle 40 may be configured such that proximal movement of the movable handle 40 “pulls” the driving structure 133, which, in turn, imparts movement of one or both of a pair of jaw members 110 and 120 from a normally closed or clamping position (FIGS. 2 and 3) to an open position (FIG. 1). Alternatively, handle assembly 30 including movable handle 40 and drive mechanism 130 may be configured such that proximal movement of the movable handle 40 “pushes” the driving structure 133, which, in turn, imparts movement of the jaw members 110 and 120.

Drive mechanism 130 is in operative communication with movable handle 40 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) for imparting movement of both or, in some instances, one of the jaw members 110, 120 of end effector assembly 100. More particularly, one or more suitable mechanical interfaces, e.g., a linkage interface, gear interface, or combination thereof operably couples the movable handle 40 to the drive mechanism 130. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, proximal movement of the movable handle 40 moves the jaw members 110 and 120 away from each other from the normally closed position to the clamping position.

Driving structure 133 is configured such that proximal movement thereof causes the jaw members 110 and 120 to move from the clamping position (FIGS. 2 and 3) to the open position (FIG. 1) and vice versa. To this end, driving structure 133 may be any suitable driving structure including but not limited to a wire, rod, cable, resilient band, etc. In the illustrated embodiment, driving structure 133 is a drive wire 132 of suitable configuration (FIGS. 1-4).

Drive wire 132 includes a proximal end (not explicitly shown) that is in operative communication with the movable handle 40.

The bifurcated distal end 135 operably couples to the drive wire 132 and includes legs 135 a and 135 b that are configured to translate within the guide 13 (see FIG. 3, for example). Drive wire 132 is configured such that the drive wire 132 including the bifurcated distal end 135 does not tend to “buckle” or “kink” when the drive wire 132 is moved proximally and/or distally within the shaft 12 and through the guide 13.

The bifurcated distal end 135 including the legs 135 a and 135 b may be a wire, a band, a cable or the like. In the illustrated embodiment, the distal end 135 including the legs 135 a and 135 b is a substantially flexible wire of suitable dimensions. In some embodiments, the bifurcated distal end 135 may be a combination of two or more materials and/or structure. For example, and in one particular embodiment, the bifurcated distal end 135 may include a proximal wire portion that operably couples to a pair of legs 135 a and 135 b that are flexible bands. Other configurations are contemplated.

Leg 135 a is movable within the first groove 13 a Likewise, leg 135 b is movable within the second groove 13 b. To facilitate independent movement of the legs 135 a and 135 b within the respective first and second grooves 13 a and 13 b of the guide 13, the legs 135 a and 135 b are positioned therein in a criss-crossed manner and/or pattern, as best seen in FIG. 3. More particularly, the legs 135 a and 135 b “cross-over” one another at a medial point within the guide 13. Positioning the legs 135 a and 135 b in this manner within the guide 13 allows that legs 135 a and 135 b to move in concert with and independent of one another within the respective first and second grooves 13 a and 13 b while allowing the legs 135 a and 135 b to concomitantly move the jaw members 110 and 120 from the clamping to open position and vice versa.

A distal end of leg 135 a is operably coupled (by one or more suitable coupling methods, e.g., intent/detent configuration) to a proximal end 117 a of a jaw housing 117. Similarly, a distal end of leg 135 b is operably coupled (by one or more suitable coupling methods, e.g., intent/detent configuration) to a proximal end 127 a of a jaw housing 127.

To facilitate movement of the legs 135 a and 135 b within the respective first and second grooves 13 a and 13 b, the bifurcated distal end 135 including legs 135 a and 135 b and/or guide 13 including first and second grooves 13 a and 13 b may be coated with one or more types of lubricious materials, e.g., PTFE.

One or more suitable coupling devices operably couples the bifurcated distal end 135 to the drive wire 132. In embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, a coupler 131 is utilized to couple the distal end 135 to the drive wire 132. The coupler 131 includes proximal and distal threaded ends (not explicitly shown) that threadably couple to corresponding threaded ends associated with the distal end 135 and drive wire 132. As can be appreciated, other coupling methods are contemplated, e.g., the drive wire 132 may have the bifurcated distal end 135 monolithically formed therewith.

End effector assembly 100 is illustrated operably disposed at the distal end 14 of the shaft 12 (FIGS. 1-3). End effector assembly 100 includes opposing jaw members 110 and 120 that mutually cooperate to grasp, seal and, in some cases, divide large tubular vessels and large vascular tissues. As noted above, in the illustrated embodiment, jaw members 110 and 120 are movable relative to each other. Jaw members 110, 120 are operatively and pivotably coupled via a central pivot pin 111 to each other and located adjacent the distal end 14 of shaft 12. Respective electrically conductive seal plates 118 and 128 are operably supported on and secured to respective distal ends 117 b and 127 b of jaw housings 117 and 127 of the jaw members 110 and 120, respectively. Jaw members 110 and 120 including respective jaw housings 117 and 127, and operative components associated therewith, may be formed from any suitable material, including but not limited to metal, metal alloys, plastic, plastic composites, and so forth.

Jaw housing 127 and 117 of the respective jaw members 120 and 110 are substantially identical to each other. In view thereof, the operative features of jaw housing 127 are described in detail, and only those features that are unique to jaw housing 117 are described hereinafter.

With reference to FIG. 3, an embodiment of jaw housing 127 is illustrated. Jaw housing 127 includes a distal end 127 b that is configured to operably support seal plate 128 and a proximal end 127 a that operably couples to the distal end 14 of shaft 12. Proximal end 127 a includes a generally angled configuration (FIG. 3) and is configured to move, e.g., pivot, within the shaft 12 from the closed or clamping position to the open position (see also FIG. 1 in combination with FIG. 2). Pivot pin 111 couples the first and second jaw members 110 and 120, respectively (FIGS. 1-3) for pivotal movement relative to one another.

The jaw members 110 and 120 may be coupled to each other via any suitable coupling methods. In the illustrated embodiment, an opening 108 is defined in and extends through the each of the jaw housings 117 and 127 and is configured to receive pivot pin 111. Opening 108 is shown engaged with pivot pin 111 and, as such, is not explicitly shown.

In an assembled configuration, pivot pin 111 is positioned within the opening 108 associated with each of the jaw members 110 and 120, respectively. Once assembled, the jaw members 120 and/or jaw member 110 may be pivotably supported at the distal end 14 of the shaft 12 by known methods, such as, for example, by the method described in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 7,597,693 to Garrison.

To facilitate pivotable movement of the jaw members 110 and 120, in the assembled configuration, the guide 13 is offset (or otherwise spaced) from the proximal ends 117 a and 127 a of respective jaw members 110 and 120. Accordingly, the guide 13 does not contact the proximal ends 117 a and 127 a and, thus, does not interfere or impede movement of the jaw members 110 and 120 when the jaw members are moved from the clamping to the open position.

In use, jaw members 110 and 120 are, initially, in the clamping position (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Movable handle 40 is moved proximally (FIG. 1), which, in turn, causes the drive wire 132 to move proximally. Proximal movement of the drive wire 132 moves the bifurcated distal end 135 including the legs 135 a and 135 b proximally within the respective first and second grooves 13 a and 13 b. Proximal movement of the legs 135 a and 135 b causes the respective jaw members 110 and 120 to move away from one another to the open position, see FIG. 1, for example. Subsequently, tissue is positioned between the jaw members 110 and 120. Once tissue is positioned between the jaw members 110 and 120, movable handle is released and the jaw members 110 and 120 move toward one another and back to the clamping position with tissue disposed therebetween. In the clamping position closure force in the range from about 3 kg/cm² to about 16 kg/cm² may be present at the jaw members 110 and 120. Thereafter, tissue is electrosurgically treated, e.g., tissue is sealed. In one embodiment, a closure force in the range of 3 kg/cm² to about 16 kg/cm² is used to obtain desired tissue seal characteristics, i.e., is used to provide a uniform and consistent seal across the tissue.

The unique configuration of the bifurcated distal end 135 and guide 13 improves the opening and closing angles typically associated with known forceps jaw designs. More particularly, the unique configuration of the guide 13 facilitates turning and routing the drive wire 132 therethrough. Moreover, the unique configuration of the guide 13 including the bifurcated distal end 135 having the non-coupled criss-crossed configuration of the legs 135 a and 135 b eliminates the need of having the proximal ends 117 a and 127 a (“flags”) extend past the profile of the shaft 12.

From the foregoing and with reference to the various figure drawings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that certain modifications can also be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the same. For example, it is contemplated that in certain instances one or more resilient members, e.g., compression spring (not shown), may be operably associated with or coupled to either bifurcated distal end 135 and/or one or both of the jaw members 110 and 120. In this instance, the spring may be configured to provide a clamping force or seal force between the jaw members 110 and 120 when the jaw members 110 and 120 are in the clamping position.

It is contemplated that in certain embodiments, the legs 135 a and 135 b and the respective first and second grooves 13 a and 13 b may function as or include a ratchet and pawl system. In this instance, each of the legs 135 a and 135 b and the respective first and second grooves 13 a and 13 b may be configured to lock the jaw members 110 and 120 in one or more positions, e.g., the clamping position.

With reference to FIG. 4, an end effector 200 that is suitable for use with the forceps 10 is shown. It should be noted that end effector 200 is substantially identical to end effector 100 described above. In view thereof, and so as not to obscure the present disclosure with redundant information, only the operative components associated with end effector 200 will be described hereinafter.

A drive mechanism 230 includes a drive structure 233. Drive structure 233 may be any suitable drive structure 233 including but not limited to a substantially flexible rod, cable, band or the like. In the illustrated embodiment, drive structure 233 is a substantially flexible drive rod 232. Drive mechanism 150 including drive rod 232 is configured such that proximal movement of the movable handle 40 causes distal movement of the drive rod 232, which, in turn, imparts movement of the jaw member 110 and 120 from the clamping position (FIG. 4) to the open position, see FIG. 1, for example.

Unlike end effector 100 that is operably associated with a guide 13, end effector 200 is operably associated with a movable cam 19 (cam 19), see FIG. 4. Cam 19 may be made from any suitable material including but not limited to the materials previously described above with respect to guide 13, e.g., plastic. Cam 19 may include any suitable shape. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, cam 19 includes a generally rectangular configuration. A proximal end 21 of the cam 19 is operably coupled to a distal end of a drive rod 232 by one or more suitable coupling methods, e.g., soldering, brazing, welding, adhesive, rivet, pin, etc. In the illustrated embodiment, proximal end 21 operably couples to the distal end of a drive rod 232 by way of a rivet 231.

Two or more cam slots 19 a and 19 b of suitable proportion are operably disposed on the cam 19 (FIG. 4). To facilitate opening and closing the jaw members 110 and 120, cam slots 19 a and 19 b are disposed in different planes and in a generally criss-crossed manner so that the cam pins 23 a and 23 b do not intersect each other during opening ad closing of the jaw members 110 and 120.

Continuing with reference to FIG. 4, cam slot 19 a operably couples to a cam follower, e.g., a cam pin 23 a, that is operably disposed on jaw member 110 at a proximal end 117 a thereof. Similarly, Cam slot 19 b operably couples to a cam follower, e.g., a cam pin 23 b that is operably disposed on jaw member 120 at a proximal end 127 a thereof. The cam pins 23 a and 23 b are offset from the pivot pin 111 at a predetermined angle such that, in one embodiment, a closure force in the range from about 3 kg/cm² to about 16 kg/cm² is present at the jaw members 110 and 120 when the first and second jaw members are in the clamping position. In the illustrated embodiment, the cam pins are offset from the pivot pin 111 at an angle (that ranges from about 25° to about 65°) and a distance to provide desired forces and mechanical advantages for a specific application. Offsetting the cam pins 23 a and 23 b at desirable angles with respect to the pivot pin 111 facilitates movement of the proximal ends 117 a and 127 a within the limited area at the distal end 14 of the shaft 12.

To facilitate movement of the cam pins 23 a and 23 b within the respective cam slots 19 a and 19 b, the cam pins 23 a and 23 b and/or cam slots 19 a and 19 b may be coated with one or more types of lubricious materials, e.g., PTFE.

In use, jaw members 110 and 120 are, initially, in the clamping position (see FIGS. 2 and 4). Movable handle 40 is moved proximally (FIG. 1), which, in turn, causes the drive rod 232 and the cam 19 including cam slots 19 a and 19 b to move distally. Distal movement of the cam 19 including the cam slots 19 a and 19 b cams the respective cam pins 23 a and 23 b causing the respective jaw members 110 and 120 to move away from one another to the open position, see FIG. 1, for example. Subsequently, tissue is positioned between the jaw members 110 and 120. Once tissue is positioned between the jaw members 110 and 120, movable handle is released (or moved proximally depending on the specific configuration of the movable handle 40) and the jaw members 110 and 120 move toward one another and back to the clamping position with tissue disposed therebetween. In certain instances, the jaw members 110 and 120 may be spring biased in either an open or closed configuration. In the clamping position closure force in the range from about 3 kg/cm² to about 16 kg/cm² is present at the jaw members 110 and 120. Thereafter, tissue is electrosurgically treated, e.g., tissue is sealed. In one embodiment, a closure force in the range of 3 kg/cm² to about 16 kg/cm² is used to obtain desired tissue seal characteristics, i.e., is used to provide a uniform and consistent seal across the tissue.

The movable cam 19 including cam slots 19 a and 19 b improves the opening and closing angles typically associated with known forceps jaw designs. More particularly, the unique crisscrossed configuration of the cam slots 19 a and 19 b facilitates camming the cam pins 23 a and 23 b therein. Moreover, the unique configuration of the crisscrossed configuration of the cam slots 19 a and 19 b eliminates the need of having the proximal ends 117 a and 127 a (“flags”) extend past the profile of the shaft 12. Further, the unique configuration of the crisscrossed configuration allows the cam slots to be formed as a separate piece, from a separate process or with a separate material. As can be appreciated, this may change cam slot shapes, e.g., curvature and angles, and resulting mechanical advantages.

While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto. 

1-20. (canceled)
 21. An endoscopic forceps, comprising a housing having a shaft that extends therefrom and defines a longitudinal axis therethrough; an end effector assembly operatively connected to a distal end of the shaft and including a first jaw member and a second jaw member pivotably coupled to one another via a pivot pin, at least one of the first jaw member and the second jaw member movable relative to the other jaw member from an open position, wherein the first jaw member and the second jaw member are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another, to a clamping position, wherein the first jaw member and the second jaw member cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween; a drive mechanism including a driving structure; and a cam operably disposed adjacent the end effector, the cam longitudinally movable with respect to the end effector and including a first cam slot and a second cam slot, the first cam slot disposed in operative communication with a first cam follower operatively coupled to the first jaw member, the second cam slot disposed in operative communication with a second cam follower operatively coupled to the second jaw member.
 22. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the driving structure is substantially flexible and selected from the group consisting of a rod, shaft, cable, wire and band.
 23. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the cam includes a top surface and a bottom surface, and wherein the top surface is parallel to the bottom surface.
 24. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the first cam slot are the second cam slot are disposed in a generally criss-crossed configuration with respect to each other.
 25. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 24, wherein the first cam slot is free from intersection with the second cam slot.
 26. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the first cam follower is a first cam pin that is operably disposed adjacent a proximal end of the first jaw member.
 27. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 26, wherein the second cam follower is a second cam pin that is operably disposed adjacent a proximal end of the second jaw member.
 28. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, further comprising a handle that is operably associated with the driving mechanism, the handle configured to actuate the driving mechanism to move the jaw members from the open position to the clamping position.
 29. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the cam is disposed adjacent a distal end of the driving structure.
 30. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the cam is longitudinally fixed with respect to the driving structure.
 31. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the first cam follower is offset from the pivot pin by a first angle.
 32. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 31, wherein the first angle is between about 25° and about 65°.
 33. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 32, wherein the second cam follower is offset from the pivot pin by a second angle.
 34. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 32, wherein the second angle is between about 25° and about 65°.
 35. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the first cam follower is longitudinally offset from the pivot pin.
 36. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 35, wherein the second cam follower is longitudinally offset from the pivot pin.
 37. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the first and second cam slots are linear.
 38. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the pivot pin is disposed distally of each of the first cam follower and the second cam follower.
 39. The endoscopic forceps according to claim 21, wherein the drive mechanism is configured to generate a closure force from about 3 kg/cm² to about 16 kg/cm² between the first jaw member and the second jaw member. 